12月25日のクリスマスといえば、イエス・キリストの生誕を祝う日として知られていますよね。きっと多くの人が12月25日はキリストの誕生日だと思っていることでしょう。しかし事実は異なるようです。いったい、どういうことなのでしょうか?
クリスマスにキリストが生まれたのはウソだった?!
12月25日はイエス・キリストの生誕を祝う日でありながら、誕生日ではないといわれています。なぜなら、キリストの誕生日は「新約聖書」にも記載がなく、実際、いつ生まれたかは誰にも分からないからです。ある説によれば、キリストの誕生日は10月1日か2日なのではないかといわれています。
毎年、クリスマスを祝いながら、キリストの誕生をイメージしていた人は、きっと拍子抜けしてしまったのではないでしょうか。
では、なぜクリスマスのお祝いをする日が12月25日に定められたのでしょうか?
もともとはローマの冬至の日だった!
そもそも12月25日がキリストの生誕を祝う日と定められたのは、4世紀半ば頃のローマ、教皇ユリウス1世の時代からだといわれています。元々12月25日はローマの冬至の日であり、この日付近には冬至祭などの大きなお祭りが行われていました。冬至は長くて暗い、実りのない冬が終わり、新しい世界がはじまる日と考えられていたのです。
もともと、キリストはこの世を照らす「光」とされていたこともあり、この時期にキリストの生誕を祝うのがふさわしいのではないかと考えられ、12月25日がキリスト生誕を祝う日に定められたのです。
「待降節(たいこうせつ)」には何が行われていた?
日本でクリスマスといえば、12月24日と25日の2日間でお祝いするのが一般的ですが、カトリックでは、25日のちょうど4つ前の日曜日からクリスマスの準備に入ります。この準備を含めた時期を「待降節(たいこうせつ)」と呼びます。始まる日は宗派によって異なり、11月中旬から11月30日くらいといわれています。
「聖ニコラウスの祝日」12月6日は、とくにドイツ、オランダ、スイスにおいて、子どもたちが贈り物をもらえる日となっています。つまり「聖ニコラウス」=「サンタクロース」というわけです。この習慣がいつしか12月24日と25日にずれこみ、サンタクロースはクリスマス当日にやってくることになったといわれています。
まとめ
意外と知らないクリスマスの歴史。キリストの誕生日だと思っていたあなたは、きっと新鮮な気持ちになったことでしょう。本来、冬至を祝うお祭りだったというのは驚きです。ぜひこれらのことを頭にとめておきながら、クリスマスを新たな気持ちでお祝いしてみてはいかがでしょうか。
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